Here’s my take on this.
That’s a frustrating situation, and recovering deleted history can be a mixed bag. Your best bet, and the most straightforward approach, is to check your Google Account’s activity. If you were logged in and had Web & App Activity enabled, Google saves your history independently. You can visit myactivity.google.com to search through everything, which is often more effective than the standard browser history log anyway.
As for recovering from local files on a Chromebook, that’s much more difficult. Unlike a standard Windows or Mac machine, Chrome OS is more locked down, so using data recovery tools on system files isn’t really a viable option. While some cache data might exist, it’s rarely a complete or easily readable list.
So, I’d focus all your effort on Google My Activity first. It’s the most likely path to success here.