Here’s my take on this.
It’s a common issue, but getting the apps themselves back is usually the easy part. Your best bet is the App Store’s purchase history. Open the App Store, tap your profile icon, then go to ‘Purchased’ and select the ‘Not on this iPhone’ tab. This will show you a list of all the apps you’ve ever installed under your Apple ID. You can simply find the ones you deleted and tap the cloud icon to redownload them.
The bigger consideration is the data associated with those apps. While the app will reinstall, any data stored only on the device is likely gone without a backup. The upside is that many apps today sync data with iCloud or their own servers, so logging back in might restore everything automatically. It really depends on how each specific app handles its data.